Introduction

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for widespread awareness, accurate information, and meaningful action has never been greater. Social media platforms, particularly Facebook, have emerged as critical tools in this effort. With over 2.9 billion active users worldwide, Facebook provides an unparalleled opportunity to connect people, share climate science, and address misinformation.

While Facebook’s potential for positive impact is immense, it also faces challenges, such as the spread of false narratives. This article explores how Facebook contributes to climate science communication, the tools it offers to counter misinformation, and its role in building engaged communities for environmental action.

How Facebook Helps Spread Climate Science

Facebook acts as a bridge between climate science and the general public, enabling the dissemination of complex information in ways that are engaging, accessible, and actionable.

Key Methods of Spreading Climate Science:

1. Educational Pages and Posts:
   Organizations like NASA, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and Greenpeace use Facebook to share cutting-edge research, updates, and educational materials. Their posts often include infographics, videos, and links to in-depth reports, making scientific findings digestible for non-experts.
2. Interactive Content:
   Facebook’s interactive features allow for greater engagement with climate science. For instance, quizzes and polls can test users’ knowledge about climate change, while short videos condense important information into bite-sized content. Visual storytelling is particularly effective in capturing attention and sparking interest.
3. Live Discussions and Webinars:
   Many scientists and environmental experts leverage Facebook Live to host real-time discussions, Q&A sessions, and webinars. These events foster direct interaction between experts and the public, creating opportunities to clarify misconceptions and answer pressing questions.
4. Targeted Content Delivery:
   Using Facebook’s advertising and targeting tools, environmental organizations can reach specific demographics. For example, campaigns can be tailored to engage youth, policymakers, or communities most affected by climate change.

Impact:

These approaches make Facebook a powerful tool for bringing climate science to a global audience, enabling users to understand and act on critical issues.

Combating Climate Misinformation

Misinformation about climate change is a significant barrier to meaningful action. False narratives can downplay the urgency of the issue, spread doubt about scientific consensus, or promote unfounded solutions. Facebook has implemented several strategies to address these challenges, although the problem persists in some areas.

Strategies Facebook Uses to Combat Misinformation:

1. Fact-Checking Partnerships:
   Facebook collaborates with independent fact-checking organizations, such as Climate Feedback, to review content flagged as misleading. Posts deemed false are labeled with warnings, and users are directed to verified resources.
2. Climate Science Information Center:
   In 2020, Facebook launched the Climate Science Information Center, a dedicated hub that provides users with credible climate information, news, and actionable tips. This resource connects users to content from trusted organizations and highlights practical ways to reduce their environmental impact.
3. Demoting Misinformation:
   Facebook’s algorithms demote flagged content in users’ feeds, reducing its visibility and limiting its reach. This approach helps ensure that false information does not spread unchecked.
4. Transparency and User Warnings:
   Before sharing flagged content, users receive a warning that the post has been fact-checked and deemed inaccurate. This added layer encourages users to think critically before spreading misinformation further.

Challenges:

While these measures are significant, misinformation still finds its way onto the platform. Persistent echo chambers and algorithms that prioritize engagement over accuracy remain obstacles to fully eradicating false narratives.

Building Communities for Climate Action

One of Facebook’s greatest strengths lies in its ability to bring people together. Climate-focused communities on the platform provide spaces for education, advocacy, and collective action.

Examples of Facebook’s Impact on Climate Communities:

1. Local Initiatives:
   Groups such as “Clean Up Our City” and “Sustainable Living” focus on addressing environmental challenges at the local level. These groups often organize activities like tree planting, recycling drives, and public awareness campaigns.
2. Global Campaigns:
   Facebook is a vital tool for movements like “Fridays for Future” and “Extinction Rebellion.” These global campaigns use the platform to coordinate protests, share resources, and amplify the voices of climate activists worldwide.
3. Collaboration Opportunities:
   Facebook groups and pages serve as meeting points for scientists, activists, and policymakers to exchange ideas and collaborate on climate solutions. For example, a group might connect researchers developing renewable energy technologies with policymakers seeking to implement sustainable practices.

Impact:

These communities demonstrate how Facebook can transform individual concern into collective action, empowering users to make tangible contributions to the fight against climate change.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its successes, Facebook’s role in climate science communication is not without challenges. Understanding these issues and leveraging opportunities for improvement is essential for maximizing the platform’s impact.

Challenges:

1. Echo Chambers:
   Facebook’s algorithms often create echo chambers, where users are primarily exposed to content that aligns with their existing beliefs. This can limit exposure to diverse perspectives and reinforce misconceptions.
2. Misinformation Persistence:
   Even with fact-checking and demotion strategies, misleading content can still gain traction, especially in private groups or among like-minded communities.

Opportunities for Improvement:

1. Enhanced Algorithms:
   By prioritizing verified content and diversifying the information users see, Facebook can reduce the influence of echo chambers and promote accurate narratives.
2. User Education:
   Facebook can play a role in fostering media literacy by offering tools and resources that help users evaluate the credibility of information. This could include tips on identifying reputable sources and spotting common signs of misinformation.
3. Support for Grassroots Movements:
   Expanding resources and support for local climate groups can amplify their impact. For instance, Facebook could provide grants or advertising credits to organizations focused on climate advocacy.

Conclusion

Facebook has proven to be a valuable platform for spreading climate science, combating misinformation, and fostering community action. Its tools empower users to access credible information, connect with others, and drive meaningful change. However, the platform must continue addressing its challenges, such as echo chambers and persistent misinformation, to fully realize its potential.

By combining innovative strategies, enhanced algorithms, and user education, Facebook can play a pivotal role in the global fight against climate change. Its ability to unite individuals and organizations worldwide makes it a powerful ally in shaping a sustainable future.

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Introduction

Facebook has become a central hub for connecting individuals and communities worldwide, offering a platform for discussions, advocacy, and education on critical global issues. Among these issues, climate change has found a significant voice within Facebook Groups. These groups serve as a vital tool for raising awareness, inspiring action, and fostering collaboration among diverse stakeholders, from activists to scientists and policymakers.

Additionally, the visibility of climate-related content can be enhanced through strategies such as increasing engagement with posts and videos. For organizations or individuals looking to amplify their message, options like using services to buy Facebook views (available on platforms such as SocialsUp) can ensure that content reaches a broader audience effectively.

This article explores how Facebook Groups are influencing climate change awareness, driving tangible action, and overcoming challenges to create meaningful environmental impact.

The Role of Facebook Groups in Climate Awareness

Facebook Groups provide a unique space for like-minded individuals to come together and exchange ideas, resources, and strategies for combating climate change. Whether it’s a local community group focused on reducing waste or a global campaign advocating for renewable energy policies, these groups offer a powerful platform for collaboration.

How Facebook Groups Contribute to Climate Awareness:

1. Sharing Educational Resources:

• Groups serve as repositories for articles, research studies, infographics, and videos that explain the causes and consequences of climate change in accessible ways.
• For example, groups like “Climate Science Explained” provide simplified insights into scientific findings, making the topic more approachable for the general public.

2. Amplifying Underrepresented Voices:

• Facebook Groups highlight stories from marginalized communities that are disproportionately affected by climate change, such as Indigenous groups or small island nations.
• By giving these voices a platform, these groups broaden the scope of climate awareness and emphasize the global nature of the crisis.

3. Raising Awareness Through Campaigns:

• Groups like “Fridays for Future” and “Extinction Rebellion” leverage Facebook to organize events, promote campaigns, and engage members in advocacy efforts.
• Campaigns often go viral within these groups, reaching millions and inspiring collective action.

Inspiring Climate Action Through Facebook Groups

Raising awareness is just the first step. Facebook Groups are also pivotal in turning awareness into tangible action.

How Groups Drive Action:

1. Organizing Local Environmental Initiatives:

• Many groups focus on regional challenges, such as pollution, deforestation, or urban sustainability.
• Examples include organizing clean-up drives, tree-planting events, and community recycling programs.

2. Coordinating Global Movements:

• Groups act as a backbone for international campaigns, coordinating efforts across countries.
• Movements like “The Plastic-Free Challenge” or “Zero Waste Living” owe much of their success to the organizational power of Facebook Groups.

3. Crowdsourcing Ideas and Solutions:

• Members brainstorm innovative solutions to environmental challenges, sharing practical tips and strategies that can be implemented on both individual and collective levels.
• For instance, discussions in groups may lead to ideas for energy-efficient technologies or local policy proposals.

4. Policy Advocacy:

• Activist groups often collaborate to draft petitions, lobby policymakers, and mobilize protests aimed at driving legislative change.
• Facebook Groups serve as a space to share templates for letters, coordinate protest logistics, and recruit supporters for advocacy efforts.

Success Stories from Facebook Groups

Several Facebook Groups have already made a significant impact on climate awareness and action:

1. Fridays for Future:

• With millions of members worldwide, this group has been instrumental in organizing climate strikes and amplifying youth voices in the climate movement.

2. Local Sustainability Networks:

• Groups like “Zero Waste Community” have helped thousands transition to more sustainable lifestyles, sharing actionable tips and success stories.

3. Indigenous Climate Action:

• Groups focusing on Indigenous communities, such as “Protect Native Land,” have successfully raised awareness about the unique challenges faced by these groups due to climate change.

Challenges Faced by Facebook Groups

While Facebook Groups are a powerful tool, they also face several challenges:

1. Misinformation:

• Despite fact-checking efforts, false narratives about climate change can spread within groups, diluting their impact.

2. Echo Chambers:

• Groups can sometimes become insular, where members only encounter perspectives they already agree with, limiting diverse dialogue.

3. Engagement Fatigue:

• Constant exposure to climate-related issues can lead to burnout among members, reducing active participation over time.

4. Algorithmic Limitations:

• Facebook’s algorithms prioritize engagement, which can sometimes amplify sensational or divisive content over balanced discussions.

Opportunities for Improvement

To maximize their impact, Facebook Groups can adopt several strategies:

1. Collaboration Across Groups:

• Encouraging partnerships between groups with overlapping goals can broaden their reach and diversify their strategies.

2. Enhancing Educational Efforts:

• Group admins can work with experts to provide verified content and host live Q&A sessions.

3. Encouraging Offline Action:

• Groups can focus on translating online discussions into real-world initiatives by organizing meetups, workshops, and events.

4. Promoting Inclusivity:

• Admins can actively recruit members from underrepresented communities to ensure a diversity of perspectives and experiences.

Conclusion

Facebook Groups have proven to be a valuable tool in raising climate change awareness and inspiring meaningful action. They connect individuals, foster global collaboration, and provide a space for innovative solutions to thrive. However, to fully realize their potential, these groups must address challenges like misinformation and echo chambers while focusing on inclusivity and offline impact.

For organizations and activists looking to expand the reach of their climate content, strategic approaches like engaging with a broader audience or choosing to buy Facebook views from platforms such as SocialsUp can help amplify their message effectively. By ensuring visibility, they can create a more informed and action-oriented audience.

As the climate crisis intensifies, Facebook Groups will continue to play a crucial role in mobilizing individuals and communities to protect our planet. By leveraging the platform’s power responsibly and strategically, these groups can drive significant progress in the fight against climate change.

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Introduction

The picturesque landscapes of British Columbia have long been celebrated, with its mild, coastal climate earning Vancouver a reputation as one of the most desirable cities to call home in Canada. However, in recent years, residents of this vibrant metropolis have been witnessing a subtle yet significant shift in their familiar climate patterns. As climate change continues to exert its influence, British Columbia is experiencing increasingly unpredictable weather, and nowhere is this more evident than in the surprising surge of snowfall that has blanketed Vancouver in recent winters.

This phenomenon has raised a crucial question for Vancouver’s homeowners: Is snow becoming a problem for residential roofs in this otherwise temperate city? In this article, we delve into the evolving climate of British Columbia, examine the trends in snowfall, and explore the potential consequences for homeowners. We’ll also provide expert insights on how to safeguard your home from the challenges posed by heavier snow loads, including the role of professional snow removal services in Vancouver. Let’s navigate the changing climate landscape and ensure your roof remains a reliable shield against the elements.

The Changing Climate in British Columbia

In recent decades, British Columbia has found itself at the forefront of climate change’s undeniable impact. The once-predictable weather patterns have been disrupted, leading to heightened concerns among residents and experts alike. According to the latest findings from Environment and Climate Change Canada, the province has witnessed a noticeable increase in temperature fluctuations. Winters have become less predictable, with milder periods followed by sudden cold snaps, creating conditions conducive to heavier snowfall.

One of the most telling signs of climate change in British Columbia is the altered rainfall patterns. Shifts in precipitation frequencies have become apparent, with more moisture-laden systems converging over the region. This not only affects the amount of snowfall but also contributes to a heightened risk of extreme weather events. These patterns align with the broader global trends where climate change is known to amplify the intensity and frequency of such events.

The connection between climate change and heavy snowfall in British Columbia is becoming increasingly evident. As the planet warms, it disrupts atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to more intense and persistent weather systems. This, in turn, sets the stage for prolonged periods of snowfall, which can have far-reaching consequences for residential roofs in Vancouver.

Snowfall Trends in Vancouver

In Vancouver, where residents have historically enjoyed a relatively snow-free winter, the recent increase in snowfall has been nothing short of a meteorological surprise. According to data from Weather Stats, snowfall in Vancouver has shown a notable uptick in recent years, with records indicating a significant rise in the average annual snowfall.

Several factors contribute to this trend. Climate scientists attribute it to a complex interplay of changing atmospheric conditions, including the infamous “Pineapple Express,” a warm, moisture-laden weather system originating in the subtropical Pacific that occasionally clashes with cold Arctic air masses, resulting in heavy snowfall events.

These heavier snowfalls have left their mark on Vancouver’s residential landscape. Homeowners have witnessed an increase in roof-related issues, including leaks, structural damage, and the dreaded ice dams, which can wreak havoc on even the sturdiest of roofs. As we delve deeper into this article, we’ll explore how these consequences are prompting homeowners to reevaluate their winter preparedness and the role of snow removal services in Vancouver in mitigating such risks.

The Impact of Snow on Residential Roofs

Heavy snowfall can exert significant pressure on residential roofs, leading to a range of potential problems for homeowners. The weight of accumulated snow can stress the structural integrity of a roof, especially if it exceeds the load-bearing capacity. This excess weight may result in sagging, warping, or even collapse in severe cases.

One of the most common issues associated with heavy snow is the formation of ice dams. When snow on a roof melts and refreezes at the eaves, it can create a barrier that prevents proper drainage. As a result, water can back up under shingles, infiltrating the roof and causing leaks. These leaks can lead to water damage, compromised insulation, and mold growth, which can be costly to remediate.

Beyond the financial implications, heavy snow on roofs poses safety hazards. Roof avalanches, where accumulated snow suddenly slides off, can endanger individuals below. It’s not uncommon for these snowslides to block entrances or cause injury, making timely snow removal a critical safety measure.

Roof Maintenance in Winter

Winter roof maintenance is paramount for safeguarding your home against snow-related damage. Here are some essential tips for homeowners:

1. Insulation and Ventilation: Ensure your attic is adequately insulated to prevent heat from escaping and melting snow on the roof. Proper ventilation helps maintain consistent temperatures, reducing the risk of ice dams.
2. Regular Inspections: Schedule regular roof inspections, ideally before winter begins. Look for signs of damage, loose or missing shingles, and areas where snow may accumulate.
3. Snow Removal Services: Consider hiring professional snow removal services in Vancouver. These experts have the equipment and experience to safely remove snow from your roof, minimizing the risk of ice dams and structural stress.
4. Gutter Maintenance: Keep gutters and downspouts clear of debris to facilitate proper water drainage.
5. Heat Cables: Install heat cables along the eaves to prevent ice dams from forming.

By taking these proactive steps, homeowners can reduce the risks associated with heavy snowfall and ensure their roofs remain resilient during the winter months.

Snow Removal Services in Vancouver

Recognizing the unpredictability and potential hazards posed by heavy snowfall, many homeowners are turning to professional snow removal services in Vancouver for peace of mind. Companies like Taves Roofing with their specialized expertise, play a vital role in mitigating the risks associated with excessive snow accumulation.

The benefits of enlisting these experts are manifold. First and foremost, professional snow removal services have the equipment and know-how to safely and efficiently remove snow from residential roofs. Their timely intervention can prevent the formation of ice dams and alleviate the weight burden on roofs, reducing the risk of structural damage.

Moreover, these services adhere to safety protocols, minimizing the likelihood of accidents during snow removal. Homeowners can rest easy knowing that their roofs are in capable hands, and their investments are protected against the potentially costly consequences of heavy snowfall. As we delve deeper into this article, we’ll explore how these snow removal services can be homeowners’ best allies in the battle against winter’s fury.

Choosing the Right Snow Removal Service

When it comes to selecting the right snow removal service in Vancouver, homeowners should consider several key factors. 

Certifications and experience should be top criteria. Look for companies with certifications or memberships in industry organizations like the Canadian Roofing Contractors Association. Experience matters, as well-seasoned professionals are better equipped to handle a variety of snow-related challenges.

Insurance is paramount. Ensure that the snow removal service carries liability insurance to protect against any accidental damage to your property during the removal process. Additionally, they should have workers’ compensation coverage for their employees to safeguard against potential accidents.

Safety precautions are non-negotiable. A reputable snow removal service will prioritize safety, utilizing proper equipment and techniques. They should have a clear protocol for snow removal that minimizes risks not only to your property but also to their team.

DIY Snow Removal Tips

For homeowners who prefer a hands-on approach, here are some DIY snow removal tips:

1. Safety First: Prioritize safety by wearing appropriate gear, such as non-slip footwear and gloves.
2. Use the Right Tools: Invest in a good-quality snow shovel or snow blower to make the job easier.
3. Start Early: Remove snow as soon as possible to prevent it from accumulating and becoming heavier.
4. Shovel Strategically: Shovel snow in layers rather than attempting to remove it all at once. Take breaks to avoid overexertion.
5. Mind Your Roof: Be cautious when removing snow near the edges of the roof to prevent damage to shingles or gutters.

However, it’s essential to exercise caution. DIY snow removal carries inherent risks, including slips and falls, as well as the potential for roof damage if not done correctly. If in doubt, it’s advisable to seek professional help.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the changing climate in British Columbia, marked by increased snowfall in Vancouver, necessitates proactive measures to protect residential roofs. The impact of heavy snow can range from costly structural damage to safety hazards like ice dams and avalanches.

Choosing the right snow removal service, one with certifications, experience, insurance, and a commitment to safety, is crucial. DIY snow removal can be an option for some homeowners, but it must be undertaken with safety and caution in mind.

As climate change continues to shape our world, it’s imperative for homeowners to adapt by prioritizing roof maintenance and considering the valuable role of snow removal services. Winter’s challenges are becoming more pronounced, and safeguarding your home is an investment in its long-term health and your peace of mind. By taking these steps, you can ensure your roof remains a reliable shield against the ever-evolving forces of nature.

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The climate of North America is characterized by extreme diversity due to the great length of the continent from north to south and the peculiarities of landforms.
The northern coast and islands adjacent to the mainland are located within the Arctic climate belt.

Cold Arctic air reigns here all the year round; in winter the surface of the land receives almost no solar heat, and in summer temperatures reach just above zero. It is under these conditions that glaciers form. South of the Arctic Circle up to 60°N is a sub-Arctic climate belt with characteristically harsh winters, which change to cool summers with rainy weather.

Most of the continent (40-60°N) is located within the temperate climate belt with cold winters and relatively warm summers. Snow falls in winter, rains in summer, and cloudy weather quickly changes to warm sunny weather. There are marked differences in this belt in different parts of it.
The area of North America experiences adverse weather events such as hurricanes and tornadoes (the American name for a tornado). Due to the movement of cyclones in the belt from 10° to 30° N, storms are formed, which move westward, reaching the coast and deflecting northward. When wind speeds in these tropical cyclones exceed 120 km/h, they become hurricanes. Forming over the Gulf of Mexico, hurricanes move northward, significantly affecting the weather conditions of the mainland, because they cover hundreds of square kilometers and can last for many days.

Tornadoes are very destructive. Their origin is most likely related to thunderstorms. More than 700 tornadoes can occur in the United States each year, often over the Great Plains and the Midwest, in spring and early summer.

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The planet’s water system is a vast unexplored world. For marine and ocean creatures it is the main habitat. Water bodies provide drinking resources for humans, nourish plants and microorganisms. All life on Earth grows, develops, and matures thanks to the hydrosphere.

The hydrosphere is the Earth’s water envelope, combining seas, oceans, continental bodies of water, rivers, underground springs, the planet’s ice sheets, and atmospheric evaporation.

Life is thought to have originated here. It was not until the Paleozoic that the flora and fauna gradually began to make their way onto the land. The main part of the globe is occupied by the waters of the oceans – 71%. The average depth is 3,800 meters; the maximum depth is 10,994 meters (the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean). The oceanic crust consists of basalt and sedimentary layers.

The aquatic ecosystem includes:

• The world’s oceans. Consists of salt and gas formations. The upper part contains 140 trillion tons of carbon dioxide and 8 trillion tons of oxygen.
• Continental surface waters. Covers a small part of the hydrosphere, but is the main source of water supply, watering and irrigation. This part of the water envelope always interacts with the atmosphere and lithosphere.
• Groundwater. The main source of food for all vegetation on Earth. Solid water in the form of glaciers, snow in the northern parts of the planet is called the cryosphere.

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An important part of the non-living environment is the rocky shell, called the lithosphere. According to the scientific definition, the lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle, which are in a solid aggregate state. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a layer of mantle material that is characterized by increased plasticity and temperature readings capable of melting. The thickness and structure of the lithosphere are determined by the type of crust.

The lithosphere is broken by deep faults into large blocks – lithospheric plates, which, under the action of the Earth’s internal forces, move slowly.

The movement is carried out by two ways of oscillation:

• Horizontal. Moving across the viscous asthenosphere in one direction or another at a rate of up to 10-11 cm per year. This leads to the formation of large and linearly elongated landforms – mountains, oceanic depressions, rift ridges, and deep rifts on land – ridges.
• Vertical. Slow rises or falls at a rate of 0-2 to 10-12 mm per year. As a result of such movement, former seafloor areas become land or, conversely, land sinks to the bottom of the sea or ocean waters.

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In his daily life, man is constantly faced with different phenomena of nature – animate and inanimate. Inanimate nature are objects that differ in their functional features from the biological cycle of living organisms, which are divided into classes. Years go by, all living things on the planet undergo irreversible changes. Some organisms are born, others die, constantly replacing each other. The life of a living organism does not last long, and when it dies it becomes part of non-living nature forever.

What is nonliving nature

Inanimate, or second nature, are components of primary importance which, having arisen once, are constantly functioning, capable of little change, and characterized by the absence of a running physiological cycle. The significance of the work of nonliving bodies is great. Thanks to them the entire living system on Earth exists and functions.

Signs

All non-living environment has pronounced features that distinguish it from the biosphere. They include:

• small variability;
• relatively stable state;
• no need to breathe and take food;
• inability to reproduce (once emerged, then constantly functioning);
• instead of death, changes in natural conditions lead to destruction, transformation or form transition to another state;
• inert state (inability to move);
• lack of physiological development and growth.

In the normal functioning of all non-living things, ecological features and interrelationships between components of the second nature play an important role. For example, too strong rays of the sun can dry out a small stream or melt an iceberg, resulting in the transition of natural components to another state.

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Tornadoes are still a poorly understood atmospheric phenomenon, and the main problem is that it is very difficult to study them experimentally. Tornadoes occur quite often, but it is impossible to predict where exactly it will occur next time, so we have to “chase” tornadoes. Mobile laboratories used in such chases are too fragile and collapse before they can reach the center of the tornado and begin to study it.

It has not yet been possible to produce a tornado in a laboratory under controlled conditions either: this would require an experimental setup of hundreds of meters in size. Therefore, all currently available verified information about the physical conditions in the center of the tornado has been obtained by an indirect method. Thanks to radar observations from afar it is possible to measure air speeds in the tornado and based on this to make conclusions about its internal structure.

Note, by the way, that a surprising situation arises: so far, astronomical methods are used to study tornadoes. Being unable to “get into” the phenomenon itself or to reproduce natural conditions in the laboratory, we have to just watch the tornado carefully trying to understand its nature based on our observations. This is exactly the approach of astronomy.

So far we know that in the center of a tornado there is an area of low pressure. In the most powerful tornadoes the pressure difference outside and inside can exceed one tenth of an atmosphere. Actually, the tornado itself is the outside air which under the influence of this pressure difference tries to fill the inside of the tornado but due to the law of conservation of momentum it twists around its axis so strongly that the centrifugal force keeps it away from the center.

It is difficult to say exactly what kind of air currents take place in the center of the tornado as there are no direct reliable experimental observations. It is quite possible that there are vertical currents there, but it is unlikely to be very strong.

Generally speaking, the famous lifting force of the tornado is not due to the fact that the funnel sucks objects into itself, but to the fact that the rotating air column has vertical turbulence. That is, the air does not wind around the funnel in a fixed circle (then there would be no vertical motion) or in a fixed spiral (then the vertical motion would be constant), but has a rapidly changing vertical velocity component.

Since the tornado problem is one of the most important meteorological problems for the United States, considerable money is regularly allocated for their research. There are even plans to build a heavy tank-like vehicle that would be both very heavy and quite nimble. Such a machine would be able to catch up with the tornado, enter its center, and conduct experiments there. So we should be patient: probably, in a year or two, we will know a lot more about the tornado’s innards than we do now.

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