An important part of the non-living environment is the rocky shell, called the lithosphere. According to the scientific definition, the lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle, which are in a solid aggregate state. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a layer of mantle material that is characterized by increased plasticity and temperature readings capable of melting. The thickness and structure of the lithosphere are determined by the type of crust.

The lithosphere is broken by deep faults into large blocks – lithospheric plates, which, under the action of the Earth’s internal forces, move slowly.

The movement is carried out by two ways of oscillation:

• Horizontal. Moving across the viscous asthenosphere in one direction or another at a rate of up to 10-11 cm per year. This leads to the formation of large and linearly elongated landforms – mountains, oceanic depressions, rift ridges, and deep rifts on land – ridges.
• Vertical. Slow rises or falls at a rate of 0-2 to 10-12 mm per year. As a result of such movement, former seafloor areas become land or, conversely, land sinks to the bottom of the sea or ocean waters.

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In his daily life, man is constantly faced with different phenomena of nature – animate and inanimate. Inanimate nature are objects that differ in their functional features from the biological cycle of living organisms, which are divided into classes. Years go by, all living things on the planet undergo irreversible changes. Some organisms are born, others die, constantly replacing each other. The life of a living organism does not last long, and when it dies it becomes part of non-living nature forever.

What is nonliving nature

Inanimate, or second nature, are components of primary importance which, having arisen once, are constantly functioning, capable of little change, and characterized by the absence of a running physiological cycle. The significance of the work of nonliving bodies is great. Thanks to them the entire living system on Earth exists and functions.

Signs

All non-living environment has pronounced features that distinguish it from the biosphere. They include:

• small variability;
• relatively stable state;
• no need to breathe and take food;
• inability to reproduce (once emerged, then constantly functioning);
• instead of death, changes in natural conditions lead to destruction, transformation or form transition to another state;
• inert state (inability to move);
• lack of physiological development and growth.

In the normal functioning of all non-living things, ecological features and interrelationships between components of the second nature play an important role. For example, too strong rays of the sun can dry out a small stream or melt an iceberg, resulting in the transition of natural components to another state.

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The post What is inanimate nature: its signs and examples appeared first on Climbing a Teach Science.