Introduction

The picturesque landscapes of British Columbia have long been celebrated, with its mild, coastal climate earning Vancouver a reputation as one of the most desirable cities to call home in Canada. However, in recent years, residents of this vibrant metropolis have been witnessing a subtle yet significant shift in their familiar climate patterns. As climate change continues to exert its influence, British Columbia is experiencing increasingly unpredictable weather, and nowhere is this more evident than in the surprising surge of snowfall that has blanketed Vancouver in recent winters.

This phenomenon has raised a crucial question for Vancouver’s homeowners: Is snow becoming a problem for residential roofs in this otherwise temperate city? In this article, we delve into the evolving climate of British Columbia, examine the trends in snowfall, and explore the potential consequences for homeowners. We’ll also provide expert insights on how to safeguard your home from the challenges posed by heavier snow loads, including the role of professional snow removal services in Vancouver. Let’s navigate the changing climate landscape and ensure your roof remains a reliable shield against the elements.

The Changing Climate in British Columbia

In recent decades, British Columbia has found itself at the forefront of climate change’s undeniable impact. The once-predictable weather patterns have been disrupted, leading to heightened concerns among residents and experts alike. According to the latest findings from Environment and Climate Change Canada, the province has witnessed a noticeable increase in temperature fluctuations. Winters have become less predictable, with milder periods followed by sudden cold snaps, creating conditions conducive to heavier snowfall.

One of the most telling signs of climate change in British Columbia is the altered rainfall patterns. Shifts in precipitation frequencies have become apparent, with more moisture-laden systems converging over the region. This not only affects the amount of snowfall but also contributes to a heightened risk of extreme weather events. These patterns align with the broader global trends where climate change is known to amplify the intensity and frequency of such events.

The connection between climate change and heavy snowfall in British Columbia is becoming increasingly evident. As the planet warms, it disrupts atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to more intense and persistent weather systems. This, in turn, sets the stage for prolonged periods of snowfall, which can have far-reaching consequences for residential roofs in Vancouver.

Snowfall Trends in Vancouver

In Vancouver, where residents have historically enjoyed a relatively snow-free winter, the recent increase in snowfall has been nothing short of a meteorological surprise. According to data from Weather Stats, snowfall in Vancouver has shown a notable uptick in recent years, with records indicating a significant rise in the average annual snowfall.

Several factors contribute to this trend. Climate scientists attribute it to a complex interplay of changing atmospheric conditions, including the infamous “Pineapple Express,” a warm, moisture-laden weather system originating in the subtropical Pacific that occasionally clashes with cold Arctic air masses, resulting in heavy snowfall events.

These heavier snowfalls have left their mark on Vancouver’s residential landscape. Homeowners have witnessed an increase in roof-related issues, including leaks, structural damage, and the dreaded ice dams, which can wreak havoc on even the sturdiest of roofs. As we delve deeper into this article, we’ll explore how these consequences are prompting homeowners to reevaluate their winter preparedness and the role of snow removal services in Vancouver in mitigating such risks.

The Impact of Snow on Residential Roofs

Heavy snowfall can exert significant pressure on residential roofs, leading to a range of potential problems for homeowners. The weight of accumulated snow can stress the structural integrity of a roof, especially if it exceeds the load-bearing capacity. This excess weight may result in sagging, warping, or even collapse in severe cases.

One of the most common issues associated with heavy snow is the formation of ice dams. When snow on a roof melts and refreezes at the eaves, it can create a barrier that prevents proper drainage. As a result, water can back up under shingles, infiltrating the roof and causing leaks. These leaks can lead to water damage, compromised insulation, and mold growth, which can be costly to remediate.

Beyond the financial implications, heavy snow on roofs poses safety hazards. Roof avalanches, where accumulated snow suddenly slides off, can endanger individuals below. It’s not uncommon for these snowslides to block entrances or cause injury, making timely snow removal a critical safety measure.

Roof Maintenance in Winter

Winter roof maintenance is paramount for safeguarding your home against snow-related damage. Here are some essential tips for homeowners:

1. Insulation and Ventilation: Ensure your attic is adequately insulated to prevent heat from escaping and melting snow on the roof. Proper ventilation helps maintain consistent temperatures, reducing the risk of ice dams.
2. Regular Inspections: Schedule regular roof inspections, ideally before winter begins. Look for signs of damage, loose or missing shingles, and areas where snow may accumulate.
3. Snow Removal Services: Consider hiring professional snow removal services in Vancouver. These experts have the equipment and experience to safely remove snow from your roof, minimizing the risk of ice dams and structural stress.
4. Gutter Maintenance: Keep gutters and downspouts clear of debris to facilitate proper water drainage.
5. Heat Cables: Install heat cables along the eaves to prevent ice dams from forming.

By taking these proactive steps, homeowners can reduce the risks associated with heavy snowfall and ensure their roofs remain resilient during the winter months.

Snow Removal Services in Vancouver

Recognizing the unpredictability and potential hazards posed by heavy snowfall, many homeowners are turning to professional snow removal services in Vancouver for peace of mind. Companies like Taves Roofing with their specialized expertise, play a vital role in mitigating the risks associated with excessive snow accumulation.

The benefits of enlisting these experts are manifold. First and foremost, professional snow removal services have the equipment and know-how to safely and efficiently remove snow from residential roofs. Their timely intervention can prevent the formation of ice dams and alleviate the weight burden on roofs, reducing the risk of structural damage.

Moreover, these services adhere to safety protocols, minimizing the likelihood of accidents during snow removal. Homeowners can rest easy knowing that their roofs are in capable hands, and their investments are protected against the potentially costly consequences of heavy snowfall. As we delve deeper into this article, we’ll explore how these snow removal services can be homeowners’ best allies in the battle against winter’s fury.

Choosing the Right Snow Removal Service

When it comes to selecting the right snow removal service in Vancouver, homeowners should consider several key factors. 

Certifications and experience should be top criteria. Look for companies with certifications or memberships in industry organizations like the Canadian Roofing Contractors Association. Experience matters, as well-seasoned professionals are better equipped to handle a variety of snow-related challenges.

Insurance is paramount. Ensure that the snow removal service carries liability insurance to protect against any accidental damage to your property during the removal process. Additionally, they should have workers’ compensation coverage for their employees to safeguard against potential accidents.

Safety precautions are non-negotiable. A reputable snow removal service will prioritize safety, utilizing proper equipment and techniques. They should have a clear protocol for snow removal that minimizes risks not only to your property but also to their team.

DIY Snow Removal Tips

For homeowners who prefer a hands-on approach, here are some DIY snow removal tips:

1. Safety First: Prioritize safety by wearing appropriate gear, such as non-slip footwear and gloves.
2. Use the Right Tools: Invest in a good-quality snow shovel or snow blower to make the job easier.
3. Start Early: Remove snow as soon as possible to prevent it from accumulating and becoming heavier.
4. Shovel Strategically: Shovel snow in layers rather than attempting to remove it all at once. Take breaks to avoid overexertion.
5. Mind Your Roof: Be cautious when removing snow near the edges of the roof to prevent damage to shingles or gutters.

However, it’s essential to exercise caution. DIY snow removal carries inherent risks, including slips and falls, as well as the potential for roof damage if not done correctly. If in doubt, it’s advisable to seek professional help.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the changing climate in British Columbia, marked by increased snowfall in Vancouver, necessitates proactive measures to protect residential roofs. The impact of heavy snow can range from costly structural damage to safety hazards like ice dams and avalanches.

Choosing the right snow removal service, one with certifications, experience, insurance, and a commitment to safety, is crucial. DIY snow removal can be an option for some homeowners, but it must be undertaken with safety and caution in mind.

As climate change continues to shape our world, it’s imperative for homeowners to adapt by prioritizing roof maintenance and considering the valuable role of snow removal services. Winter’s challenges are becoming more pronounced, and safeguarding your home is an investment in its long-term health and your peace of mind. By taking these steps, you can ensure your roof remains a reliable shield against the ever-evolving forces of nature.

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As a business owner, here’s something you already know – weather conditions can play significant roles in your venture’s success. That’s especially because weather-related changes affect demand and supply. Unprecedented weather conditions can also cause delays that may give your competitors an advantage over you.

Fortunately, trading weather derivatives is one of the best ways to protect your business against such weather-related losses. Weather derivatives and options have become extremely popular among all kinds of enterprises during the last 20 years.

For example, energy firms can use weather derivatives to reduce the risk of fluctuating temperatures impacting their utility, power, and energy businesses’ demand and supply. Meanwhile, weather derivatives trading serves as a form of risk management for insurance firms, hedge funds, and even governments.

In this article, the brokerschart.it experts focus on showing you how you can trade the weather like a pro. 

Know the Difference 

The first thing you must learn when trading weather derivatives is the difference between them, weather insurance and commodity derivatives.

Weather insurance and derivatives differ in their payout structure. In weather insurance, you’ll only get benefits after proven loss. That’s because insurance companies are founded on the principle of indemnification. 

However, with weather derivatives, you get paid out whether or not you have incurred a loss. You are eligible for a claim once the weather conditions meet the criteria listed in the index.

Meanwhile, weather and community derivatives differ in terms of volume. While commodity derivatives permit price hedging based on volume, weather derivatives base price hedging on real utilization or yield, both of which don’t depend on volume.

Know the Market 

Now that you know the difference between weather derivatives, you have a fair idea of what you’re going into. The next step is to understand the market. You must know whether your business qualifies and needs to trade weather derivatives.

First, different companies can benefit from trading weather derivatives and options. For example, farming businesses whose crop yield and production depend largely on the weather will be wise to trade weather derivatives. This helps them to reduce their risk of huge losses during extreme weather conditions. Other companies that can benefit from trading weather derivatives include those event management, insurance, shipping, energy, etc. If you or your company is eligible to trade, you can get started by checking information about a reputable broker eToro https://brokerschart.it/migliori-brokers/etoro. Also, it’s a good idea to check the information you need to trade with Plus500 Broker, one of the best in the game (to be found here https://brokerschart.it/migliori-brokers/plus500).

Know What You Can Trade 

Have you verified that your company can benefit from trading weather derivatives? Then the next step is to understand what you can trade and how to set indexes.

Heating Degree Days (HDD), Cooling Degree Days (CDD), and cumulative precipitation are common examples of weather derivatives many businesses use. While energy companies use the HDD index to protect themselves from freezing temperatures, CDD reduces risk during summer. Meanwhile, cumulative precipitation is mostly used by hydro, farming, and shipping businesses that are often affected by rainfall. 

Companies can also wedge against snowfall levels, heatwaves, thunderstorm predictions, etc. Each one has a unique index that acts as the core of the weather derivative.

Understand Price Setting 

The price of weather derivatives typically depends on current weather predictions/conditions, the value of payoffs throughout the previous two to three decades, and a safety net sum to cover damages. You can determine your desired payout amount using these criteria.

Note that in the US, the annual compensation of a trader in weather commodities ranges from $60,000 to $90,000. At the end of the day, the actual value depends on the state you work for, weather patterns, clientage, and the trading strategies you provide for weather options.

The Bottom Line

The weather derivatives market is growing rapidly around the world. And everything tells us that the interest of investors and investment amounts will grow in the near future. The popularity of this type of investment lies largely in the fact that weather instruments are a good way for reducing the risks associated with specific weather conditions. This connection to the weather allows companies to protect profits from adverse environmental conditions which is especially relevant for companies whose activities mainly depend on weather conditions.

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Heat waves make the list of the most dangerous natural disasters ever. Unfortunately, they don’t receive the attention they need since their destruction and death tolls are not usually evident. Nevertheless, about 166,000 persons died from heat wave-related causes from 1998-2007. People’s exposure to heat waves climbed by over 125 million between 2000 and 2016.

Over time, heat waves have intensified in the USA’s major cities. Reports have it that the average temperature during the 1960s heat wave in 50 American cities was 2.0°F higher than the 85th percentile criteria for their locations. In addition, the heat waves during the 2020s have been 2.3°F higher than the regional threshold.

What Are Heat Waves?

It’s normal for temperatures to rise slightly above or below average temperatures for a region once in a while. However, heat waves may be the culprit when the temperature rise is significant, becomes regular, and lasts longer than expected.

There is no universally accepted definition for heat waves, as what amounts to a heat wave depends on the region’s typical weather. However, in Italy, a heat wave is an extended stretch of unusually hot weather that often exceeds two days regardless of humidity. These heat waves can cover large areas and cause serious health hazards by exposing numerous people to dangerous heat.

What Causes Heat Waves?

Typically, strong prevailing winds carry air around the world. However, heat waves develop when unusually high atmospheric pressure moves in and keeps warm air compressed to the ground. 

As the air remains trapped, it can’t ascend to the higher atmosphere’s lower temperatures. As such, temperatures rise, and we start to feel much hotter.

The Effects of Heat Waves 

Heat waves can increase the likelihood of other types of disasters. For example, it can worsen drought and spark wildfires. Heat waves can also cause the urban heat island effect, where urban areas experience hotter temperatures than outlying areas as buildings and infrastructure absorb heat. This has the effect of raising energy costs, air pollution levels, and heat-related illnesses and deaths.

Exposure to extreme heat can also cause dehydration, heat exhaustion, stress, and stroke. It can negatively impact agriculture by damaging crops and killing livestock. Cattle suffering from heat stress may produce less milk, grow more slowly, and conceive at a lower rate.

What to Do in a Heat Wave

One of the best coping mechanisms for heat waves is to reduce outdoor or strenuous activities till temperatures are much cooler. This advice is particularly important for sick persons, pregnant women, older adults, children, and infants. It’s important to minimize sun exposure as much as possible, as doing otherwise reduces the body’s ability to disperse heat.

Another way to cope with heat waves is to dress for summer. This means that individuals must put on lightweight and light-colored clothes that can reflect sunlight and heat. People should also wear loose-fitting clothing during heat waves.

When it comes to nutrition, it’s best to eat light and consume fruits, salads, and other meals that are easy to digest. It’s terrible to leave food in the sun during a heat wave. Instead, if food must be packed, it should be in a cooler with ice packs in it. Also, staying hydrated is essential to stay healthy during heat waves. Individuals should also avoid caffeinated fluids and alcoholic drinks in extremely hot conditions.

Finally, use air conditioners/fans and take cool showers during this period. However, be careful not to place portable electric fans directly toward yourself when the temperature exceeds 90°F. Otherwise, you’ll be placing your health at risk as the dry air blowing against your skin will rapidly make you dehydrated.

Forecasts

Scientists claim that we need to prepare for new record heat events in the coming decades, which will far exceed previous temperatures and record heat waves. One of the reasons for this is global warming.

Record heat forecasts are directly related to the rate of warming, suggesting that to reduce the risk of such a record heat wave, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Even if world leaders decide to cut greenhouse gas emissions in the near term to avoid potentially devastating global warming, unprecedented temperature extremes will still become more common over the next few decades.

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Antarctica’s circumpolar location and its isolation from other parts of the world determined the uniqueness and extreme severity of its natural conditions.
The main feature of Antarctica is the ice sheet, which exists for millions of years, now decreasing, now increasing in size.

Mainland ice covers both the surface of Antarctica and partially the surface of the ocean, forming ice shelves. The thickness of the ice sheet is 4000-4776 m. Its total volume is 90% of all modern glaciation of the Earth. Ice is constantly moving from the center to the edges at a rate of 1 m per year. At the same time the edges of the ice are cracking and icebergs are breaking away from it. Only 0.2% of Antarctica’s surface is ice-free.

The eastern part of the continent lies on the ancient Antarctic platform with a relatively flat surface, while the western part has mountainous terrain and is an extension of the Andes of South America. The highest point of the continent is located in the Vinson Mountains and has a height of 5140 m. In the western part there are active volcanoes – Erebus (3794 m), Terror and others. The average height of the continent above sea level (together with the ice) is 2040 g. The ice cover of Antarctica presses on the Earth’s crust, and it sagged under its weight (in some places even dropped below sea level). There are deposits of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coal and diamonds on the continent.

The climate in Antarctica is very cold. On the mainland recorded the lowest temperatures on Earth (in winter – almost -90 ° C). The main reasons for this are: the geographical location of the continent, its thick ice cover (a constant source of cold, which also reflects the sun’s rays), the long polar night, the high altitude of the continent above sea level.

The air over Antarctica is cold, heavy, and dry, so an area of high atmospheric pressure forms in the center. At the margins, the neighborhood with relatively warm oceanic waters causes higher air temperatures and, as a consequence, the formation of an area of low atmospheric pressure. Therefore, air flows from the center to the margins, forming runoff winds (velocity 40-50 m/s and more).
On the continental margins and on the Antarctic Peninsula, oases are formed, which are characterized by dry and cold desert conditions. In summer, their surface warms up and becomes free of snow and ice.

Antarctica is a biological desert. Vegetation is found exclusively on the fringes and on the sub-Antarctic islands. It is represented by mosses, lichens, algae and fungi. In the coastal waters there is a lot of plankton, which feeds on whales, seals and fish, most of which are endemics. Here live the most seals (sea elephants) and huge jellyfish weighing up to 150 kg. Of birds are characteristic penguins, in the summer arrive gulls, cormorants, petrels, skuas and albatrosses.

Active study of Antarctica is due to the great interest in the uniqueness of its nature. Antarctica is an active center of atmospheric circulation. Study of ice is important not only because they are the main resource of fresh water, but also an indicator of global warming. Mineral resources are also being studied.

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The climate of North America is characterized by extreme diversity due to the great length of the continent from north to south and the peculiarities of landforms.
The northern coast and islands adjacent to the mainland are located within the Arctic climate belt.

Cold Arctic air reigns here all the year round; in winter the surface of the land receives almost no solar heat, and in summer temperatures reach just above zero. It is under these conditions that glaciers form. South of the Arctic Circle up to 60°N is a sub-Arctic climate belt with characteristically harsh winters, which change to cool summers with rainy weather.

Most of the continent (40-60°N) is located within the temperate climate belt with cold winters and relatively warm summers. Snow falls in winter, rains in summer, and cloudy weather quickly changes to warm sunny weather. There are marked differences in this belt in different parts of it.
The area of North America experiences adverse weather events such as hurricanes and tornadoes (the American name for a tornado). Due to the movement of cyclones in the belt from 10° to 30° N, storms are formed, which move westward, reaching the coast and deflecting northward. When wind speeds in these tropical cyclones exceed 120 km/h, they become hurricanes. Forming over the Gulf of Mexico, hurricanes move northward, significantly affecting the weather conditions of the mainland, because they cover hundreds of square kilometers and can last for many days.

Tornadoes are very destructive. Their origin is most likely related to thunderstorms. More than 700 tornadoes can occur in the United States each year, often over the Great Plains and the Midwest, in spring and early summer.

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The planet’s water system is a vast unexplored world. For marine and ocean creatures it is the main habitat. Water bodies provide drinking resources for humans, nourish plants and microorganisms. All life on Earth grows, develops, and matures thanks to the hydrosphere.

The hydrosphere is the Earth’s water envelope, combining seas, oceans, continental bodies of water, rivers, underground springs, the planet’s ice sheets, and atmospheric evaporation.

Life is thought to have originated here. It was not until the Paleozoic that the flora and fauna gradually began to make their way onto the land. The main part of the globe is occupied by the waters of the oceans – 71%. The average depth is 3,800 meters; the maximum depth is 10,994 meters (the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean). The oceanic crust consists of basalt and sedimentary layers.

The aquatic ecosystem includes:

• The world’s oceans. Consists of salt and gas formations. The upper part contains 140 trillion tons of carbon dioxide and 8 trillion tons of oxygen.
• Continental surface waters. Covers a small part of the hydrosphere, but is the main source of water supply, watering and irrigation. This part of the water envelope always interacts with the atmosphere and lithosphere.
• Groundwater. The main source of food for all vegetation on Earth. Solid water in the form of glaciers, snow in the northern parts of the planet is called the cryosphere.

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An important part of the non-living environment is the rocky shell, called the lithosphere. According to the scientific definition, the lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle, which are in a solid aggregate state. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a layer of mantle material that is characterized by increased plasticity and temperature readings capable of melting. The thickness and structure of the lithosphere are determined by the type of crust.

The lithosphere is broken by deep faults into large blocks – lithospheric plates, which, under the action of the Earth’s internal forces, move slowly.

The movement is carried out by two ways of oscillation:

• Horizontal. Moving across the viscous asthenosphere in one direction or another at a rate of up to 10-11 cm per year. This leads to the formation of large and linearly elongated landforms – mountains, oceanic depressions, rift ridges, and deep rifts on land – ridges.
• Vertical. Slow rises or falls at a rate of 0-2 to 10-12 mm per year. As a result of such movement, former seafloor areas become land or, conversely, land sinks to the bottom of the sea or ocean waters.

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In his daily life, man is constantly faced with different phenomena of nature – animate and inanimate. Inanimate nature are objects that differ in their functional features from the biological cycle of living organisms, which are divided into classes. Years go by, all living things on the planet undergo irreversible changes. Some organisms are born, others die, constantly replacing each other. The life of a living organism does not last long, and when it dies it becomes part of non-living nature forever.

What is nonliving nature

Inanimate, or second nature, are components of primary importance which, having arisen once, are constantly functioning, capable of little change, and characterized by the absence of a running physiological cycle. The significance of the work of nonliving bodies is great. Thanks to them the entire living system on Earth exists and functions.

Signs

All non-living environment has pronounced features that distinguish it from the biosphere. They include:

• small variability;
• relatively stable state;
• no need to breathe and take food;
• inability to reproduce (once emerged, then constantly functioning);
• instead of death, changes in natural conditions lead to destruction, transformation or form transition to another state;
• inert state (inability to move);
• lack of physiological development and growth.

In the normal functioning of all non-living things, ecological features and interrelationships between components of the second nature play an important role. For example, too strong rays of the sun can dry out a small stream or melt an iceberg, resulting in the transition of natural components to another state.

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Tornadoes are still a poorly understood atmospheric phenomenon, and the main problem is that it is very difficult to study them experimentally. Tornadoes occur quite often, but it is impossible to predict where exactly it will occur next time, so we have to “chase” tornadoes. Mobile laboratories used in such chases are too fragile and collapse before they can reach the center of the tornado and begin to study it.

It has not yet been possible to produce a tornado in a laboratory under controlled conditions either: this would require an experimental setup of hundreds of meters in size. Therefore, all currently available verified information about the physical conditions in the center of the tornado has been obtained by an indirect method. Thanks to radar observations from afar it is possible to measure air speeds in the tornado and based on this to make conclusions about its internal structure.

Note, by the way, that a surprising situation arises: so far, astronomical methods are used to study tornadoes. Being unable to “get into” the phenomenon itself or to reproduce natural conditions in the laboratory, we have to just watch the tornado carefully trying to understand its nature based on our observations. This is exactly the approach of astronomy.

So far we know that in the center of a tornado there is an area of low pressure. In the most powerful tornadoes the pressure difference outside and inside can exceed one tenth of an atmosphere. Actually, the tornado itself is the outside air which under the influence of this pressure difference tries to fill the inside of the tornado but due to the law of conservation of momentum it twists around its axis so strongly that the centrifugal force keeps it away from the center.

It is difficult to say exactly what kind of air currents take place in the center of the tornado as there are no direct reliable experimental observations. It is quite possible that there are vertical currents there, but it is unlikely to be very strong.

Generally speaking, the famous lifting force of the tornado is not due to the fact that the funnel sucks objects into itself, but to the fact that the rotating air column has vertical turbulence. That is, the air does not wind around the funnel in a fixed circle (then there would be no vertical motion) or in a fixed spiral (then the vertical motion would be constant), but has a rapidly changing vertical velocity component.

Since the tornado problem is one of the most important meteorological problems for the United States, considerable money is regularly allocated for their research. There are even plans to build a heavy tank-like vehicle that would be both very heavy and quite nimble. Such a machine would be able to catch up with the tornado, enter its center, and conduct experiments there. So we should be patient: probably, in a year or two, we will know a lot more about the tornado’s innards than we do now.

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